192 HETEROGAMY. 
in July, 1860, some malformed cones of Abies excelsa, 
in which the inferior part of the axis was covered with 
stamens, whilst the terminal por- 
tion produced bracts and scales 
like an ordinary female cone. 
The stamens of the lower division 
were serially continuous with the 
bracts above. Some of the lower 
scales of the female portion were 
in the axils of the uppermost 
stamens, which last were some- . 
what modified, the anther cells 
being diminished, whilst the 
scale-lke crest had become more 
elongated and pointed, in fact, 
more or less resembling the or- 
dinary bracts." Mohl, Schleiden, 
and A. Braun have observed 
similar cones in Pinus alba, and 
Cramer figures and _ describes 
androgynous cones in Lariv 
microcarpa. C. A. Meyer (‘ Bull. 
Phys. Math.,’ t. x, 1850) also 
describes some catkins of Alnus 
fruticosa which bore male flowers 
at the top, and female flowers at 
the base. 


Fie. 100. — Spike of 
Carex acuta, with female On the subject of this section the reader 
flowers at the summit. may consult A. Braun,. ‘ Das Individ.,’ 1853, 
p. 65. Caspary, ‘De Abietin. flor. fem. 
struct. morphol.’ Schleiden, ‘ Principles,’ English edition, p. 299. Mohl, 
‘Verm. Schrift.,” p. 45. Meyen in ‘Wiegm. Archiv.,’ 1838, p. 155. 
Cramer, ‘ Bildungsabweich,’ p. 4, tab. v, figs. 18—17. Parlatore, ‘ Ann. 
Se. Nat.,’ ser. iv, vol. xvi, p. 215, tab. 13a. See also under the head of 
Prolification, Substitutions, &e. 

1 Professor Dickson concludes from the examination of these strue- 
tures that the male cone, consisting of simple stamens developed on 
one common axis, must be regarded as a simple male flower, while 
the axillary scales of the female cone are by him compared with the 
flattened shoots of Ruscus. 
