CHANGE OF DIRECTION. 205 
then elongate into a shoot and no cavity is formed. <A 
fig observed by Zuccarini (figs. 105, 106) appears to 
have been formed in a similar manner, the flower-bear- 
ing summit of the stalk not being contracted as usual, 
the flowers projected beyond the orifice of the fig. If 
this view be correct the case would be one rather of 
lengthening of the axis than of absolute eversion since 
it was never inverted. 
Altered direction of leaves—'T'he leaves partake more or 
less of the altered direction of the axis, as in fastigiate 
elms, but this is not universally the case, for though the 
stem 1s bent downwards the leaves may be placed in the 
opposite direction; thus in some specimens of Galiwin 
Aparine growing on the side of a cliff from which there 
had been a fall of chalk, the stems, owing apparently to 

Fie. 105.—Fig showing pro- Fie. 106.—Section of the same. 
longed inflorescence and projecting 
flowers. 
the landslip, were pendent, but the leaves were abruptly 
bent upwards. 
One of the most singular instances of an inverted 
