CHANGE OF DIRECTION. 211 
customary parchment-like carpels, the smaller was 
destitute of them. 
Sometimes the direction assumed by one flower as 
an abnormal occurrence is the same as that which is 
proper to an allied species or genus under natural cir- 
cumstances ; thus flowers of the vine (Vitis) have been 
met with in which the petals were spreading like a star 
(fleurs avalidouires), as in the genus Cissus.’ 
Morren describes a curious condition in some flowers 
of Cuphea miniata, in which the placenta protruded 
through an orifice in the ovary, and losing the hori- 
zontal direction became erect (figs. 113,114). A similar 
occurrence happened in Lobelia erinus. To this con- 
dition the Belgian savant gave the name of gymnaxony.” 
! Planchon and Marés, ‘ Ann. Se. Nat.,’ 5 ser., tom. vi, 1866, p. 228, 
tab. xii. 
9 
2 * Bull. Acad. Belg.,’ xviii, part 11, p. 293. 
