OF THE CALYX. 245 
Amongst monocotyledons an analogous change 
occurs not unfrequently, as in some commelynaceous 
plants, e.g. Tradescantia, in Musa, &ce. 
The spathe of Arwi maculatum is sometimes repre- 
sented by a stalked leaf similar to that which occurs, 
under ordinary circumstances, in Spathiphyllum, but 
in which genus the spadix is more or less adherent to 
the leaf-lke spathe.' In Schenus cephalotes a similar 
exaggerated development of the bracts is figured by 
Rottboell.” 
Phyllody in inflorescence of Conifers——'T'his demands pass- 
ing notice by reason of the interest attaching to the 
morphological construction of these plants. The 
elongation of the axis which occurs im the female 
cones has been already alluded to under the head of 
prolification of the inflorescence. This change is fre- 
quently associated with a more or less foliaceous con- 
dition of the bracts, which, indeed, may be seen to be 
serially continuous, both above and below, with the 
ordinary leaves. The scales, too, become notched and 
bipartite, and show, between the lobes, the rudiment of 
a bud, which in a further stage becomes developed into 
a shoot bearing leaves. Such a change has been de- 
scribed by Parlatore in Abies Brunoniana, and examples 
may frequently be met with in the larch (Larizv europea), 
and specially in Cryptomeria japonica.” The scales of 
the male catkins of conifers likewise occasionally 
assume the appearance of leaves; this may be seen in 
monstrous catkins of Araucaria, as also in Podocarpee 
and Cupressinee (Hichler). 
Phyllody of the calyx——Sepals under ordinary circum- 
stances are so like leaves, that it is not wonderful that 
' Sauter, ‘ Flora v. Bot. Zeit.,’ 1831, p. 11. 
2 *Descr. et Icon. Plant.,’ tab. 20. 
* For references see p. 115; see also to Eichler, ‘ Excurs. Morpholog. 
de format. flor. Gymnosperm.,’ in “‘ Mart. Flor. Brasil,” abstracted in 
English in ‘ Natural History Review,’ April, 1864. 
