OF THE CALYX. 947 
sometimes carried to such an extent, that five perfect, 
bistipulate leaves occur in the place of the calyx, but 
when this is the case it usually happens that the 
pistil is abortive. 

Fie. 130.—Fuchsia, with one of the sepals leaf-like. 
De Candolle’ figures a curious instance wherein the 
pappus of Podospermum laciniatum was replaced by 
five linear, foliaceous lobes. A similar change has 
been noticed in other composites, as in Tragopogon 
pratense. Engelmann mentions as subject to this 
hypertrophy of the pappus, as it may be termed, 
Scorzonera octangularis and Senecio vulgaris. Wigand 
has observed a similar transformation in a species of 
Centranthus (Valerianacee). 
In some cases the phyllody of the sepals has a 
special interest, as bearing on the question whether 
what is termed calyx-tube is or is not a portion of the 
calyx, and whether the sepals are modifications of the 
blade or of the sheath of the leaf. Thus in the prim- 
rose the phyllodic sepals seem to show clearly that 
the sepals are in that plant of a laminar nature (fig. 
131). The so-called calyx-tube of roses is elsewhere 
alluded to. The leaf-hke organs sometimes seen at the 
apex of a cucumber would seem to support the view 
that there was really a calyx-tube in Cucurbitacee 
adherent to the carpels. It is also shown in the cut, 
1 «Organ. Véget.,’ t.i1, p. 492, pl. xxxu, f. 6. 
