OF THE STAMENS. 253 
Gentiana Amarella. Antirrhinum majus ! 
Gilia glomeriflora. Stachys sylvatica. 
*Symphytum officinale. *Anagallis phcenicea ? 
Petunia violacea! Primula sinensis ! 
Verbascum, sp. Polemonium cceruleum. 
See Moquin-Tandon, ‘El. Terat. Veg.,’ p. 203. Engelmann, ‘ De 
Anthol.,’ § 38 et seg. ; tab. ii, figs. 8—14, Gilia ; tab. v, 23—26, Senecio ; 
tab. v, f. 1—13, Torilis ; tab. iv, f. 3, Hrysimum. ‘Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,’ 
vol. ii, 1855, p. 479, Primula sinensis. Giraud, ‘ Edinb. Phil. Magazine,’ 
1839, Antirrhinum. Jaeger, ‘ Act. Acad. Ces. Nat. Cur.,’ vol. xiii, 2, 
p. 1, tab. xli, Tropeolum. Bischoff, ‘Lehrbuch,’ 11, 2, p. 27, note, 
Tropeolum. Fresenius, ‘Mus. Senkenb.,’ ii, 35, tab. 4, fig. 5, Actea. See 
also succeeding paragraphs and sections in Chloranthy, Virescence, Xe. 
Phyllody of the stamens happens less frequently than the 
corresponding condition in the neighbouring organs. 
The structure of the anther is so much removed from 
that of the leaf, that the change of the stamen from 
its ordinary condition to that of a leaf must be regarded 
as indicating a greater degree of perverted develop- 
ment than that which occurs in those cases where 
less highly differentiated organs, such as the sepals, 
petals, and pistils, are thus altered.’ 
In all cases it is desirable to ascertain, if possible, 
what parts of the stamen are thus transformed. 
In some Petunias the filaments are unchanged, 
but in place of the anther is a small lamina, repre- 
senting precisely the blade of an ordinary leaf. 
Sometimes the connective only is replaced by a leaf. 
One of the most interesting cases of this kind that 
has fallen under the writer’s observation was in 
Euphorbia geniculata, i which, im addition to other 
changes mentioned under prolification of the inflor- 
escence, some of the stamens were partly frondescent, 
1 Wolff’s original opinion was that the stamens were equivalent to so 
many buds placed in the axil of the petals or sepals (see ‘ Theoria Gene- 
rationis,’ 1759, § 114)—an opinion which more recently has received the 
support of Agardh and Endlicher. Wolff himself, however, seems to 
have abandoned his original notion, for in his memoir, “ De formatione 
intestinorum precipue tum et de amnio spurio aliisque partibus embry- 
onis gallinacei, nondum visis,” &c., in ‘Comm. Acad, Petrop.,’ xii, p. 403, 
anno 1766, he considers the stamens as essentially leaves. See also 
Linn. ‘ Prolepsis,’ § viii; Goethe, ‘ Metam.,’ § 46. 
