OF THE CARPELS. 261 
flower. When this change occurs it is commonly 
attended by an increased number of parts, as in the 
trefoil just mentioned, or in the double cherry, where 
usually two foliaceous carpels may be met with, and 
sometimes more. 
The change is also of interest when it affects such 
orders as the Umbelliferw, which have their ovaries 
inferior under ordinary circumstances ; but when these 
organs assume a leafy condition they become superior 
also, 7. e. they are detached from the calyx. 
As regards the position of the ovules in these folia- 
ceous pistils, they may be placed, as in Aquilegia, 
Delphinium, &c., on the edges of the carpel or on the 
surface, as in some flowers of Ranunculus repens and. 
R. Ficavia. A similar position of the ovules is recorded 
in the case of the vine (Vitis), where the pistil consisted 
of leaves bearing the ovules on their inner surface.’ The 
supposed causes of this and other similar malforma- 
tions are alluded to under the head of chloranthy, but 
it may be here remarked that semi-double flowers, 
fertilised by the pollen of similar flowers, are said to 
produce flowers with a centre of small green leaves, this 
central tuft resulting from the expansion and frond- 
escence of the pistils. 
As this condition rarely occurs without correspond- 
ing changes in other parts of the flower, further re- 
marks on this subject will be found in the chapter 
relating to Chloranthy. 
Phyllody of the pistil has been most frequently 
recorded in the following plants : 
Peeonia officinalis. Nymphea dentata. 
Ranunculus repens ! Sinapis arvensis ! 
*A quilegia vulgaris! Diplotaxis tenuifolia. 
Delphinium elatum. *Brassica oleracea ! 
crassicaule. *Sisymbrium officinale ! 
Ajacis. Dianthus, sp. 
amenum. Reseda Phyteuma. 

i Planchon et Marés, ‘ Ann. Sc. Nat.,’ ser. 5, vol. vi, 1866, p. 228, tab. 
X11. 
