OF THE OVULES. 269 
converted into an ovary, and this again bearing Graafian 
vesicles! In Mr. Berkeley’s carnation the change was 
not so great, seeing that the nucleus of the ovule was 
not developed, and sufficient evidence has been above 
given as to the fohar nature of the primine, while for a 
leaf to be folded up so as to form a carpel is an ordi- 
nary occurrence. 
It is worthy of remark that in these foliaceous 
ovules there is never more than one coat, the secondine 
and other integuments do not make their appearance 
in these cases, and that very generally the change in 
question accompanies a similar foliaceous condition in 
the carpel, the margins of which are more or less dis- 
united. 
Prof. A. Braun remarks that up to this date no such 
change has been observed in the ovules of Monocoty- 
ledons. 
Changes in the nucleus of the ovule—The preceding re- 
marks have had reference especially to the ovular coats, 
but it is desirable also to allude to certain points 
connected with the nucleus. Very frequently, when 
the coat of the ovule is phylloid, as before described, 
the nucleus is altogether wanting, though sometimes 
it 1s present as a small cellular papilla; very rarely is 
it to be found in its perfect state. Occasionally the 
nucleus is present in the guise of a small elongated 
branch. Wigand cites ovular buds in every stage of 
progress into a branch, sometimes even bearing indi- 
cations of anthers. Wydler has observed a similar 
occurrence in ovules of Alliaria officinalis, and Schimper 
has described and figured specimens of Nigella dama- 
scena in Which the outer coats of the ovule were but 
little changed, while the nucleus was replaced by a 
leafy shoot. On one of the leaves of this latter was 
found an imperfect ovule—an ovule on an oyule! 
Fig. 148 shows a floret of a species of Gaillardia, 
im which the ovule was replaced by a leafy shoot which 
had made its way through a chink in the ovary. In 
