286 METAMORPHY. 
Among the flowers in which petaloid development 
of the stamens happens most frequently may be men- 
tioned those in which the calyx is normally coloured, 
as in Nigella damascena, Aguilegia, and Delphinuwm. 
M. Alph. de Candolle, in the ‘ Neue Denkschriften,’ 
1841, described and figured a singular form of Viola 
odorata, known under the name of “ Bruneau,” in 
Switzerland, in which the stamens are absent, and 
their place supplied by a second row of petals, within 
which is a third series of petals, representing, says M. 
de Candolle, the inner row of stamens that theory 
suggests should exist in the natural condition. More- 
over, the carpels in this variety are five in number 
instead of three. In Hrica Tetraliv the corolla may 
not unfrequently be found divided to the base into its 
constituent petals, and the place of the stamens occu- 
pied by a series of petal-like structures entirely desti- 
tute of anther. 
In monocotyledonous flowers, especially those with a 
coloured perianth, the substitution of segments of the 
perianth for stamens occurs not unfrequently. M. 
Seringe has observed this in the stamens of Jaliwm 
Martagon, and there is in cultivation a variety of the 
white lily, Liliwm candidwm, sometimes called the double 
white lily, in which the segments of the perianth, in 
place of being arranged in two rows, are greatly in- 
creased in number, and disposed in a spiral manner. In 
these flowers, not only are the stamens and pistils thus 
modified, but also the upper leaves of the stem. In 
so-called double tulips there is likewise a replacement 
of stamens by coloured segments of the perianth, but 
this happens generally in connection with an imerease 
in the number of organs. Moquin-Tandon remarks 
having seen in a garden in the environs of Montpelier 
a tulip, the stamens of which showed all possible 
stages of transition between the form proper to them 
and that of the perianth. The pistil m this case was 
transformed into several small leaves. Similar appear- 
ances have been observed in Iris, Hyacinths, Nar- 
