STAMINODY. 299 
are ocasionally partially antheroid, and others occur in 
which two of the outer series of stamens, which are 
ordinarily suppressed, are present, but in a petaloid 
state. Reichenbach’ figures an illustration of this 
change, and also Mogegridge.” 
Staminody of the pistils—The existence of this change has 
been denied by several authors, nevertheless, it is of 
sufficiently common occurrence. Alexander Braun 
notices the transformation of pistils into stamens in 
Chives (Allium Scorodoprasum), and in which three 
stamens appeared in the place of as many pistils, and 
had extrorse anthers, while the six normal anthers are 
introrse. In the horse-radish (Armoracia rusticana), 
two of the carpels are frequently converted into stamens, 
while two other organs absent from the normal flower 
make their appearance as carpels. Roeper has observed 
this phenomenon in Euphorbia palustris,’ and in Genti- 
ana campestris. In these examples one of the carpels 
was apparently absent, and its place supplied by an 
anther. Roeper has also mentioned a balsam with a 
supernumerary stamen occupying exactly the position 
of a carpel.’ 
Agardh has observed a similar thing in a hyacinth, 
one half of the fruit of which contained seeds, and the 
other half, anthers. B. Clarke mentions an instance 
in Mathiola incana in which the carpels were disunited, 
and antheriferous at the margin.® 
The passage of pistils to stamens in willows has been 
frequently remarked, as in Salix babylonica, silesiaca, 
cinerea, Caprea and nigricans. One of the most curious 
illustrations of this transformation in this genus is 
given by Henry and Macquart (Erst. Jahrb. des bot. 
Vereines am m. et n. Rhein., 1837). In the flowers in 
1 ‘Je, Flor. Germ..,’ xiii, tab. 112, cecelxiv, f. 2. 
Seemann’s ‘ Journal of Botany,’ 1867, p. 317, t. 72, A (Ophrys). 
‘Enum. Euphorb.,’ p. 53. 
‘ Linnea,’ i, p. 457. 
‘De Balsam,’ p. 17. 
2 
3 
4 
6 B. Clarke, ‘ Arrangement of Phenog. Plants,’ p. 23. 
