304 .  METAMORPHY. 
from another, and are formed by the transformation 
of the filaments of the stamens.' 
The additional carpels in the case of the apple of St. 
Valéry, in which the petals are of a green colour, lke 
the sepals, are by some attributed to the transforma- 
tion of the stamens into carpels. These adventitious 
carpels frequently contain imperfect ovules and form a 
whorl above the normal ones. (See Pyrus dioica of 
Willdenow.)? A similar change occasionally happens 
in the stamens of Magnolia fuscata, while in double 
tulips this phenomenon is very frequent, and among 
them may be found all stages of transition between 
stamens and pistils, and many of the parts combinmg 
the characters of both.’ Dunal and Campdera have 
described flowers of [ames crispus, with seven pistils, 
occupying the place of as many stamens. 
In Papaver bracteatuwm a considerable number of the 

Fig. 162.—Substitution of carpels for stamens in Papaver. 
Stamens sometimes become developed into _pistils, 
1 Maout, ‘ Lecons Element.,’ vol. ii, p. 488. 
2 Poiteau and Turpin, ‘ Arb. Fruit,’ t. 37, and Trécul, ‘Bull. Soe. Bot. 
France,’ vol. i, p. 307. 
3 Clos, ‘Mem. Acad. Toulouse,’ 5 ser., vol. iii. 
