PISTILLODY. 305 
especially those which are nearest to the centre of the 
flower, and in these flowers the filaments are said to be- 
come the ovaries, while the anthers are curled so as to 
resemble stigmas. <A similar change is not infrequent 
in Papaver somniferum. Goeppert, who found numerous 
instances of the kind in a field near Breslau, says the 
peculiarity was reproduced by seed for two years in 
succession.’ Wigand (‘ Flora,’ 1856, p. 717) has noticed 
among other changes the pistil of Gentiana Amarella 
bearing two sessile anthers. Polemoniwm cerulewm is 
another plant very subject to this change. Brongniart* 
describes a flower of this species in which the stamens 
were represented by a circle of carpels united to each 
other so as to form a sheath around the central 
ovary. By artificial fertilization M. Brongniart ob- 
tained fertile seeds from the central normal ovary as 
well as from the surrounding metamorphosed stamens. 
Chevranthus Cheiri has long been known as one of 
the plants most subject to this anomaly. De Candolle 
even mentions it in his ‘ Prodromus’ as a distinct variety, 
under the name of gynantherus. Brongniart (loc. cit.) 
thus refers to the Cheiranthus :—‘‘ Sometimes these 
six carpellary leaves are perfectly free, and in this case 
they spread open, presenting two rows of ovules 
along their inner edges, or these edges may be soldered 
together, forming a kind of follicle like that of the 
columbine; at other times, these staminal pistils are 
fused into two lateral bundles of three in each bundle, 
or into a single cylinder which encircles the true pistil. 
In a third set of cases these outer carpels are only 
four in number, two lateral and two antero-posterior, 
all fused in such a manner as to form around the 
normal pistil a prism-shaped sheath, with four sides 
presenting four parietal placentz, corresponding to 
the lines of junction of the staminal carpels. 
1 « Bot. Zeit.,” 1850, t. viii, pp. 514, 664. ‘Flora,’ (B. Z.) 1832, t. xv, 
p. 252; also cited in ‘Ann. des Serres et des aut dins,’ vi, pp. 241-5. See 
also Schlechtendal, ‘ Bot. Zeit.,’ 1845, t. 3, p. 6 
‘Bull. Soc. Bot. France,’ t. viii, p. 453. 
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