316 HETEROMORPHY. 
Fuchsia. They are very frequent in some seasons in 
the corolla of certain calceolarias (C. floribunda). By 
Morren this production of ad- 
ventitious spurs was called 
** Ceratomanie.”’ 
Similar processes may some- 
times be seen in the capsules 
of Linaria vulgaris, as also in 
the fruits of some of the Sola- 
nums, quite without reference 
to the arrangement of the 
carpels, so that their produc- 
Fic. 169.—Corolla of tion seems to be purely irre- 
gular tale sp pr: ae as ious] - 
jecting from the lower lip. ’ previously re 
marked, gave the name 
‘“‘Solenaidie” to tubular deformities affecting the 
stamens, a term which has not been generally adopted ; 
the deformity in question is by no means of uncommon 
occurrence in some double or partially pelorised flowers, 
as Antirrhinum, [Iinaria, &e. A similar formation of 
conical out-growths may frequently be met with in the 
fruits quite irrespectively of any disjunction of the 
carpels. 

Contortion—An irregular twisting or bending of the 
stem or branches is by no means of uncommon occur- 
rence, the inducing causes being often some restriction 
to growth in certain directions, or the undue or dispro- 
portionate growth in one direction, as contrasted with 
that in another. Hence it may arise from insect-punc- 
ture, parasitic growth, or any obstacle to the natural 
development. Frequently it exists in conjunction with 
fasciation, the ends of the branches being curved round 
like a shepherd’s crook, from the growth on one side 
bemg so much greater than on the other. Sometimes it 
is a mere exaggeration of a normal condition; thus, in 
what are termed flexuose stems the stem twists alter- 
nately to one side or another, frequently in association 
