358 MULTIPLICATION. 
occur in other Arads as Arum maculatum, Richardia 
ethiopica, and Anthurium Scherzerianwm, frequently 
combined with a leaf-like appearance of the spathes 
and sometimes with a subdivision of the spadix imto 
two or three branches. 
Engelmann relates the occurrence of an increased 
number of glumes in Bromus velutinus associated with 
suppression of the flowers. 
Polyphylly—As previously explained, this term is 
here applied to those cases in which the members of 
any particular whorl are increased in number, the 
whorls themselves not necessarily bemg augmented. 
The simplest cases of this kind are those in which we 
meet with an unusual number of leaves in a whorl. 
Increased number of leaves in a whorl—T'his may arise 
from actual multiplication, or from lateral chorisis, or 
fission. The true nature of the case may usually be 
ascertained by an examination of the distribution of 
the veins of the leaves, or of the fibrous cords of the 
stem, by the relative position of the supernumerary 
organs, Xe. 
Among plants with normally opposite leaves the 
following occasionally produce them in whorls of 
three :— Lonicera brachypoda, L. Xylostewm, Weigela 
rosea, Cornus mas, Vinca nunor, &e. 
Paris quadr ifolia may frequently be met with with 
five leaves in its whorl, or even six.' 
Increased number of bracts——This is not of infrequent 
occurrence; one of the most curious instances is that 
recorded by Mr. Edwards? in Cerastiwm glomeratum, 
where, in place of the usual pair of bracts at the base 
of the head of flowers, there was a whorl of six or eight, 
forming an involucre. The flowers in this case were 
apetalous and imperfect. 
Polyphylly of the calyx——This may occur without any 
- 1 See Henslow, ‘Mag. Nat. Hist.’ 1832, vol. v, p. 429. 
7 « Phytologist,’ Se enka 1857. 
