GYN®CIUM, 363 
M. Clos' mentions a flower of rue (Jéuta) wherein 
there were two stamens joined together below and 
placed in front of a petal, as in Peganwm. 
Buchenaw* mentions a flower of Lotus uliginosus in 
which there were eleven stamens, namely, two free 
and nine monadelphous; and Hildebrand describes an 
analogous increase in a flower of Sarothamnus scoparius 
in which, in conjunction with a seven-toothed calyx, 
there were two carinas and fourteen stamens. It 
would seem probable in this case that there was a 
coalescence of two flowers at an early date and conse- 
quent suppression of some of the parts of the flower. 
Whether this was the case or not in this particular 
Ulustration, it is nevertheless certain that many of the 
recorded instances of increased number in the organs 
of-a flower are really the results of a fusion of two or 
more flowers, though frequently in the adult state but 
few traces of the coalescence are to be seen. 
Polyphyily of the gynecium.—Moquin® remarks that, as 
the pistils are, generally speaking, more or less subject 
to pressure, owing to their central position, and it may 
be added owing to their later development, than the 
other parts of the flower, they are more subject to 
suppression than to multiplication; nevertheless, aug- 
mentation in the number of carpels does occasionally 
take place, especially when the other parts of the 
flower are also augmented in number. Sometimes 
this increase in the number of carpels is due to pure 
multiplication, without any other change. At other 
times the increase is due to a substitution of stamens 
or other organs for carpels (see Substitutions). In 
other cases the augmentation seems to be due to the 
development of parts usually suppressed ; for instance, 
in Antirrhinum, where there are usually only two carpels 
1 *Mém. Acad. Toulous.,’ vi, 1862, ex ‘ Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,’ “ Rev. 
Bibl.,” vol. ix, 1862, p. 127. 
2 ©Flora,’ 1857, p. 289. 
3 L.c., p. 304. 
