370 MULTIPLICATION. 
See Schaner’s translation of Moquin-Tandon, ‘ El. Terat. Veget.,’ p. 
245, adnot., and ‘Al, Braun Polyembryonie.’ 
Increased number of the cotyledons—Although the pre- 
sence of one or of two cotyledons in the embryo is 
generally accepted as a valuable means of separating 
flowering plants into two primary groups, yet, lke 
all other means of discrimination, it occasionally fails, 
and, indeed, almost always requires to be taken in 
conjunction with some other character. There are 
cases among flowering plants where the embryo is 
homogeneous in its structure, there are others in which 
the number of the cotyledons is more than two. Thus, 
in some seeds of Cola acwminata the cotyledons vary in 
number from two to five. I have not been able to 
ascertain precisely whether this multiplication of the 
cotyledons is characteristic of all the seeds of particular 
trees, or whether some only are thus affected. Some 
fruits that J examined bore out the latter view, as mm 
the same pod were seeds with two, three, and four coty- 
ledons respectively. 
Ihave also seen three cotyledons present in embryo- 
plants of Correa, Crataegus Oxyacantha, Dianthus sinensis, 
Daucus Carota, Cerasus Lauro-cerasus. De Candolle 
alludes to a case of the kind in the bean, and figures 
a species of Solanwm with three cotyledons.’ Jaeger 
alludes to a similar instance in Apiwm Petroselinwm ;” 
Ehrenberg to one in the marigold (Calendula) ;* Reinsch 
to an analogous appearance in the beech (Fagus), as- 
sociated with a union of the margins of two out of the 
three cotyledons, and of those of two out of the three 
leaves next adjacent.* This fusion seems frequently 
to accompany increase in the number of cotyledons. 
It was so in the Correa and in the Crategus previously 
mentioned. Some of these cases may be accounted 
for by chorisis or by a cleavage of the original cotyle- 
dons, as happens, according to Duchartre,’ in some 
1 §Organog. Veget.,’ tab. 53. 2 * Missbild.,’ p. 206. 
’ Ehrenberg, ‘ Flora,’ 1846, p. 704. 4 * Flora,’ 1860, tab, 7. 
5 “Ann. Sc. Nat.,’ 3 ser., t. x, p. 207. : 
