388 PLEIOTAXY OF THE 
when the stamens are petalodic, the form assumed is usually that of 
the labellum. 
The presence of stamens in undue numbers in orchids is very gene- 
rally, but not always, attended by some coincident malformation, of 
which the most frequent is cohesion of two or more sepals, and conse- 
quent displacement or adhesion of one petal to the side of the column. 
Petalody of the styles and median prolification are also sometimes 
found in association with an augmented number of stamens. 
Pleiotaxy of the gynecium—An increase in the number 
of whorls of which the pistil consists 1s not of very fre- 
quent occurrence. Generally after the formation of the 
whorl of carpels, the energy of the growing point ceases, 
or if by chance it be continued, the result is more gene- 
rally the production of a new flower-bud (median pro- 
lification) than the repetition of the carpellary series. 
It is necessary also to distinguish between the verit- 
able augmentation of the pistil and the semblance of 
it, brought about by the substitution of carpels for 
some other organs, as pistillody of the stamens, and 
even of the segments of the perianth, is not very un- 
frequent, as has already been stated under the head of 
substitution. Again, the increased number of carpels 
which is sometimes met with in such flowers, as 
Magnolia or Delphiniwm, where the ovaries are arranged 

Fig. 196.— Increased number of Fie. 197 —Fruxt of St. Valery 
carpels, tulip. apple cut lengthwise. 
