GYN@CIUM. 389 
in spiral series, is not strictly referable to the present 
category. 
The orange is one of the plants most frequently 
subject to an augmentation in the number of carpellary 
whorls; sometimes this is due to the stamens assuming 
the guise of carpels, but at other times the increase 
occurs without any alteration in the stamens or other 
organs. If the adventitious carpels be exposed, they are 
covered with yellow rind, while those portions that are 
covered by the primary carpels are destitute of rind. 
Some varieties of the double tulip are very subject to 
a similar change, but, in this case, the petals and the 
stamens very frequently become more or less carpel- 
lary in their nature. Fig. 196 represents an increased 
number of whorls of carpels in the variety called “‘ rex 
rubrorum,” the segments of the perianth haying been 
removed. 
In the St. Valery apple, already referred to, there is 
a second whorl of carpels above the first, a fact which 
has been made use of to explain the similar structure 
of the pomegranate. 
The tomato (Lycopersicuin esculentum) is another 
plant in which an adventitious series is frequently 
produced, and generally in combination with the pri- 
mary series. 
In the Chinese primrose (Prinwla sinensis) a super- 
numerary whorl is frequently met with, generally asso- 
ciated with other changes in the construction and 
arrangement of the parts of the flower. 
M. de Candolle’ mentions a flower of Gentiana pur- 
purea with four carpels in one series, and five others 
in the circle immediately above them. Wigand’ alludes 
to an instance wherein there was a second pair of 
carpels above the first in Vinca herbacea. Dr. Sankey 
has forwarded flowers of a Pelargonium haying a double 
series of carpels, eight in the outer row, five in the 
inner, and this condition is stated to exist in the flowers 
1 * Organogr. Végét., t. i, p. 509, tab. 40, figs. 6, 7. 
> « Flora,’ 1856, p. 715. 
