414, DEVIATIONS FROM 
whole of one set of organs be increased in size beyond 
the recognised average, we have large varieties, often 
qualified by such terms as macrophylla, longifolia, 
macrantha, &c. &e. In all these cases either the entire 
plant or whole series of organs are alike increased or 
diminished beyond ayerage limits; and such variations 
are often very constant, and are transmitted by here- 
ditary transmission. It may be supposed that such 
deviations may have originated, in the first instance, 
either from excessive use, or from disuse, or from the 
agency of certain conditions promoting or checking 
growth, as the case may be; but whether or no, it is 
certain that these variations often persist under different 
conditions, and that they often retain their distinctive 
characters side by side with plants presenting the 
normal average dimensions. In other cases the varia- 
tions in size are of a less general character, and affect 
certain organs of a whorl in a relative manner, as, for 
instance, in the case of didynamous or tetradynamous 
stamens, where two or four stamens are longer than 
their fellows, the long or short stamens and styles of 
di- and tri-morphic flowers, &c. These differences are 
sometimes connected with the development of parts in 
succession, and not simultaneously. 
Teratological deviations of size differ from those of 
which mention has just been made chiefly in this, that 
they are more limited in their manifestations. It is 
not, as a rule, the whole plant, or the whole series of 
nutritive or of reproductive organs, that are affected, 
but it is certain parts only; the alteration in size is 
more a relative change than an absolute one. 
For convenience sake the teratological alterations of 
size may be divided into those which are the result of 
