ILYPERTROPHY. 417 
The alterations of consistence resulting from an in- 
ordinate development of cellular, fibrous, or ligneous 
tissue, are, of course, strictly homologous with the 
similar changes which occur, under ordinary circum- 
stances, during the ripening of fruits or otherwise. 
Hypertrophy, whatever form it may assume, may be 
so shght as not perceptibly to interfere with the func- 
tions of the part affected, or it may exist to such an 
extent as to impair the due exercise of its office. It 
may affect any or all parts of the plant, and is generally 
coexistent with, if not actually dependent on, some 
other malformation. Thus, the imordinate growth of 
some parts is most generally attended by deficiency in 
the size and number of others, as in the peripheral 
florets of Viburnum or Hydrangea, where the corollas 
are relatively very large, and the stamens and pistils 
abortive. 

CHAP TH Re F 
ENLARGEMENT. 
A sWOLLEN or thickened condition (renjlement) is 
usually the result of a disproportionate formation of 
the cellular tissue as contrasted with the woody frame- 
work of the plant. We see marked instances of it in 
cultivated carrots and turnips, the normal condition of 
the roots or root-stocks in these plants being one of 
considerable hardness and toughness, and their form 
slender, tapering, and more or less branched. 
The disproportionate development of cellular tissue 
is also seen in tubers and bulbs, and in the swollen 
stems of such plants as Hchinocactus, Adeniwm obesum, 
some species of Vitis, &e. So, too, the upper portion 
of the flower-stalk occasionally becomes much dilated, 
27 
