PEDUNCLE. 423 
(See fig. 176, p. 327.) The lower swelling is entirely 
axial in these cases, as no trace of carpels is to be seen. 
M. Carriere’ mentions an instance wherein from the 
base of one apple projected a second smaller one, desti- 

Fia. 204,—Monstrous pear, showing extension and swelling of axis, &c. 
tute of carpels, but surmounted by calyx-lobes as usual. 
The direction of this supernumerary apple was the 
exact opposite of that of the primary fruit. 
In pears, quinces, and apples, a not uncommon 
deviation is one in which the axis is prolonged beyond 
the ordinary fruit, like which it is much swollen. 
Occasionally the axis is not only prolonged, but 
even ramifies, the branches partaking of the succu- 
lent character of the ordinary pome. Such instances 
are frequently classed under the head of prolification, 
but they have in general no claim to be considered in 
this ight, for the reasons already given in the chapter 
relating to that subject. (See p. 135.)’ 
1 «Revue Horticole,’ 1868, p. 110, figs. 12, 13. 
* The reader may also refer for further information on the subject of 
malformed pears to Irmisch, ‘ Flora,’ 1858, p. 38, tab,i; Lindley, ‘Theory 
