426 HYPERTROPHY OF THE 
first given off I am unable to say, as it was fully 
developed when the fruit was brought to me.” 
Enlargement of the leaves——Increase in the size or sub- 
stance of leaves takes places in several ways, and affects 
the whole or only certain portions of them. ‘The sim- 
plest form of this malformation is met with in our 
cabbages, which, by the art of the gardener, have been 
made to produce leaves of oveater size and thickness 
than those which are developed in the wild form. In 
such instances the whole substance of the leaf is in- 
creased in bulk, and the increase affects the fibrous 
framework of the leaves as well as the cellular portions, 
though the exaggerated development of the latter is 
out of proportion to that of the former. 
In some species of Podocarpus there may occasionally 
be seen at the base of the branchlets a dozen or more 
fleshy scales, of a rose colour, passing gradually into 
the ordinary leaves of the plant, and evidently analogous 
to the three fleshy confluent bracts which surround the 
ripe fruit. 
In other instances, while the fibrous framework of 
the leaf retains its usual degree of development, the 
cellular parenchyma is developed in excess, and, if the 
merease is so arranged that the number of superposed 
layers of the cellular tissue is not increased, or their 
thickness exaggerated, then we get such leaves as those 
of the “ kail,” or of the “ Savoys” leaves, which are 
technically called by descriptive botanists “‘folia bul- — 
lata.”’ In such leaves the dise of the leaf, rather than 
the margin, 1s increased and its surface 1s thrown up 
into little conical projections, which are hollow on the 
under side. 
But leaves may increase beyond their usual size with- 
out such grave alterations of form as those to which 
allusion has just been made. It is well known that 
if a tree be cut down and new shoots be sent out from 
the stump, the leaves formed on these shoots very 
often greatly exceed the ordinary ones in dimensions. 
