FLORAL ORGANS. 429 
appearance of which is due apparently to an hypertro- 
phied condition of the segments of the perianth, which 
have not only increased in length as the central nut 
has ripened, but have developed in their tissues that 
fibrous tissue which ordinarily is found in the pericarp 
only. This view of the structure of these nuts is 
borne out by the fact that, under normal circumstances, 
the base of the perianth contains a considerable amount 
of fibrous material. In the present case this has in- 
creased to such an extent that the fruit appears sur- 
rounded by a double husk, by an inner one as _ usual, 
and by an outer six-parted one. 
It will be remembered that in some of the Cin- 
chonacee, e.g. Mussenda, Pinckneya, Calycophyllum, 
one or more of the calycine lobes are normally dilated 
and petaloid, the others remaining small and compara- 
tively inconspicuous. Inequality in size is, indeed, a 
common occurrence in the sepals of many natural 
orders—Polygalacee, Lequminose, Labiate, &e. The 
flowers of a rose are mentioned by Moquin as haying 
presented an enlargement of the calyx without any 
other alterations in form. Schlechtendal has noticed 
the same thing in Papaver Rhaas, Reichenbach in 
Campanula persicifolia, and A. de Candolle in C. Ra- 
punculus. M. Brongniart also has recorded’ a remark- 
able variety of Primula sinensis cultivated in the Jardin 
des Plantes at Paris, wherein the calyx is enormously 
developed. MM. Fournier and Bonnet have described 
flowers of Iubus with hypertrophied calyx in conjunc- 
tion with atrophy and virescence of the petals and 
other changes.” 
The corolla may be hypertrophied in some cases, 
though the change is more rare than in most other 
organs. Moquin-Tandon mentions as subject to this 
anomaly species of Galeopsis, Prunella, Scabiosa, and 
Dipsacus, and also mentions a remarkable variety of 
Viola odorata cultivated in the neighbourhood of 
1 «Ann. Se. Nat.,’ ser. 2, t. i, p. 308, pl. ixe, fig. 1. 
> Bull. Soc. Bot. France,’ 1862, t. ix, p. 37. 
