FLORAL ORGANS. 431 
bined with hypertrophy of the sepals and pistils; in- 
deed, the alteration is not uncommon among Crucifers. 
Pyrethrum trodorum is very subject to hypertrophy. 
The styles of its radial florets become elongated with- 
out any other alteration; at the same time the small 
corollas become green, and show a tendency to assume 
a foliaceous condition. Sometimes the hypertrophy 
affects also the styles of the central florets, and these 
also become enlarged to double or treble their usual 
dimensions. 
Linne has remarked that the ovary of Tragopogon 
sometimes assumes very large dimensions, as also does 
the pappus. He mentions a double-flowered variety, 
the ovaries of which become ten or twelve times larger 
than ordinary. M. Clos’ records an instance in Rumex 
scutatus wherein the pistil was hypertrophied or club- 
shaped, and open at the top, or in other cases funnel- 
shaped, three-lobed at the summit, each lobe terminated 
by a style. One of the most frequent causes tending. 
to the hypertrophy of the pistil 1s attributable to the 
puncture of insects; thus, when the ovary of Juncus 
articulatus is thus punctured, it acquires a size two or 
three times larger than ordinary, becoming at the 
same time sterile.” 
Occasionally the enlargement may be due to a fusion 
or incorporation of other elements; thus, M. Lemaire 
describes an instance in which the style of Sinningia 
purpurea was much larger than ordinary, tubular, 
bearing three small lobes, and altogether bearing much 
resemblance to the column or ‘‘gynosteme”’ of Orchids. 
This appearance was due to the cohesion and intimate 
union of the styles with three abortive stamens.® 
Enlargement of the fruit—Most cultivated fruits are in 
a state of true hypertrophy. Girod de Chantrans, after 
many trials, succeeded in producing a peculiar variety 
1 *Mém. Acad. Se. Toulouse,’ 5 ser., vol. iii. 
> *Ré. nosol. Végét.,’ pp. 342. 
* *Tllustr. Hortic.,’ 1868, Misc., p. 62. 
