APPENDIX. 
DOUBLE FLOWERS! 
In ordinary language, the epithet double flowers is applied to flowers 
of very varied structural conformation. The most common conditions 
rendering a flower double, in the popular acceptation of the term, are 
substitutions of petals or petal-like bodies for stamens and pistils, one 
or both. (See Petalody, p. 283.) Another very common mode of 
doubling is brought about by a real or apparent augmentation in the 
number of petals, as by multiplication, fission, or chorisis. (See pp. 
66, 343, 371, 376.) Sometimes even the receptacle of the flower within 
the outer corolla divides, each subdivision becoming the centre of a new 
series of petals, as in some very luxuriant camellias and anemones. 
The isolation of organs which, under ordinary circumstances, are united 
together, is another circumstance, giving rise, in popular parlance, to 
the use of the term double flower. (See Adesmy, Solution, pp. 58, 
76, 82.) Prolification is another very frequent occurrence in the case 
of these flowers, while still other forms arise from laciniation of the 
petals, or from the formation of excrescences from the petals or stamens, 
in the form of supplementary petal-like lobes. (See Hnation, p. 443.) 
As these matters are all treated of under their respective headings, 
it is not necessary to allude to them again in detail. It may be well, 
however, to allude, in general terms, to the causes which have been 
assigned by various writers for their formation, and to the means which 
have been adopted by practical experimenters to secure the production 
of the flowers often so much esteemed by the florist. It must be 
admitted that, in spite of all that has been written on the subject, 
but very little is known about these matters. In the case of the stock 
the following means have been adopted by cultivators in order to 

1 This appendix forms a portion of a paper published in the ‘ Pro- 
ceedings of the International Botanical Congress,’ London, 1866, p. 127, 
and which it has been deemed advisable to reproduce with sundry 
additions and modifications. : 
