Trees of Neiv York State 349 



garinecl, durable wood and thin fibrous bark. The genus Ls repre- 

 sented by four species and is confined to northern North America, 

 Japan and eastern Asia. Two species are indigenous to North 

 America, the western species, a valuable timber tree of the Pacific 

 slope, the eastern species confined to the Atlantic States and 

 Canada. 



Leaves persistent, small, scale-like, decussate, acute, imbricated in 4-ro\vs, 

 stomatiferous on the back; on leading shoots, leaves rounded on the back and 

 narrowed to long points; on lateral flattened shoots, lateral rows strongly 

 keeled, much compressed and nearly covering the central rows. Flowers ter- 

 minal, minute, monoecious, the two kinds generally on different branches ; 

 staminate flowers subglobose, composed of 4-6 decussate stamens, each con- 

 sisting of a peltate connective and 4-6 anthers; ovulate flowers oblong or 

 ovoid, consisting of 8-12 oblong, acute, decussate scales, the ovuliferous inner 

 scales with 2 erect, bottle-shaped ovules. Fniit a small, oblong-ovoid cone 

 which matures tlie first season, consisting of a few, thin, leathery^ scales, only 

 the inner of which are fertile; seeds oblong, compressed, laterally winged; 

 cotyledons 2. The genus is represented in New York State by Thuja 

 occidentalis L. 



THE COAST CEDARS. Genus CHAMAECYPARIS Spach. 



The genus Chamaecyparis includes tall, evergreen trees with 

 pyramidal crowns, spreading branches, fan-like sprays of foliage, 

 and even-grained, durable wood. Six species have been described, 

 confined to North America and Japan. Two of the North Ameri- 

 can species are found on the Pacific Coast. The Coast White 

 Cedar, Chaniaecyparis thy aides (L.) BSP., occurs along the 

 Atlantic coast from Maine southward to Florida and the Gulf 

 States. 



Leaves persistent, very small, scale-like, ovate, acuminate, appressed or 

 ■(vith spreading tips, decussate on vigorous shoots often acicular or linear 

 and spreading. Flowers monoecious terminal, minute, the two sexes on dif- 

 ferent branches; staminate flowers oblong, consisting of numerous decussate 

 stamens with ovate connective bearing 2 anther sacs; ovulate flowers subglo- 

 bose, consisting of decussate, peltate scales, the fertile bearing 2-5 erect, 

 bottle-shaped ovules. Fruit a small, erect, globose cone maturing the first 

 season but persisting on the branchlets; cone-scales thick, peltate, centrally 

 embossed, the fertile bearing 1-5 compressed, laterally winged seeds at the 

 base; cotyledons 2. 



THE JUNIPERS. Genus JUNIPERUS (Tourn.) L. 

 The Jumpers are pungent-aromatic, evergreen trees or shrubs 

 of the northern hemisphere with slender branches, soft, fine- 

 grained and extremely durable wood and thin, shreddy bark. The 



