362 The New York ,Siaie College of Forestry 



2. Flowers in racemose clusters; samara faces pubescent; winter buds prickly 



to the touch; branchlets often with corky wings U. racemosa 205 



2. Flowers in short-stalked fascicles; samara faces smooth; winter buds acute 



but not prickly to the touch; branchlets without corky wings 



U. americana 203 



THE HACKBERRIES. Gemis CELTIS (Tourn.) L. 

 The genus Celt is includes some fifty or sixty species of trees 

 and shrubs widely scattered throughout the temperate and tropical 

 regions of the world. They resemble the elm in many raspects 

 but differ in having polygamous flowers and a drupaceous fruit. 

 The American forms are very variable in the shape of the leaves 

 and the number of species is as yet not definitely fixed. At least 

 one aborescent form (Celtis occidentalis L.) occurs in New York 

 State. 



Leaves alternate, deciduous, simple, serrate, prominently 3-5 nerved; stipules 

 membranous, caducous. Flowers small, axillary, polygamo-monoecious, pedicel- 

 late, appearing wdtli the leaves on branchlets of the year; staminate flowers 

 fascicled toward the base of the growth of the season, the pistillate solitary or 

 2-3 together in the upper leaf -axils ; calyx deeply 4-5 lobed or parted, greenish 

 yellow, deciduous; stamens 4-5 with incurved subulate filaments which 

 straighten abruptly at anthesis in the staminate flowers and catapult the 

 pollen, but remain curved and shorter in the perfect flowers; pistil consisting 

 of an ovoid, sessile ovary crowned by the 2 reflexed styles which are stigmatic 

 on the inner faces. Fruit an ovoid or globose drupe with thick firm skin, thin 

 flesh, and thick-walled, bony, rugose or smooth nutlets. 



MULBERRY FAMILY. MORACEAE 



A large family of trees, shrubs, and herbs, numbering over nine 

 liundred species distributed in fifty-five genera, scattered over the 

 tropical and temperate regions of the world. Three genera are 

 represented by indigenous arborescent forms in North America 

 while a fourth includes the naturalized Paper Mulberry, Brous- 

 sonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. 



Sap generally milky. Buds scaly or naked. Leaves alternate, simple, petio- 

 late; stipules enclosing the leaf in the bud. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, 

 small, arising from the axils of caducous bud scales or from the lower leaves 

 of the season, borne in ament-like spikes or heads Avliich are borne Avithout 

 or within a receptacle; ealyx of staminate flower 3-4 lobed or parted; stamens 

 1-4, inserted on the calyx; calyx of pistillate flower deeply 3-5 lobed; pistil 

 consisting of 1-2-celled ovary surmounted by 1-2 styles and stigmas^. Fruit 

 drupaceous, enclosed in the fleshy ealyx, multiple. 



