Trees of New York State 401 



E. Canadian Zone. Dominance of Red Spruce, Balsam and Paper Birch : 



Indicator Species : 



Red Spruce • Picea rubra (DuRoi) Dietr. 



White Spruce Picea canadensis (Mill.) B. S. P. 



Black Spruce Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P. 



Balsam Fir Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. 



Paper Birch Bctula alba, var. papyrifera (Marsh.) 



Spach. 



Mountiiin Ash Pyrus amerioana (Marsh.) DC. 



Distribution of E in New York 



Scarcely typical on summits of highest Catskills but indicated 

 by dominance of red spruce and balsam, much somewhat dwarfed 

 or gnarled-topped yellow-birch, and sparse paper-birch, and by 

 forest-floor species. In the Adirondacks, the zone of spruce, 

 balsam, paper-birch and mountain a.sh which succeeds maple, 

 beech, birch, hemlock and white pine above 3,500 feet more or less, 

 is here referred to the Canadian Zone which in its typical com- 

 position, as described by Cooper, is the Northeastern conifer 

 forest par excellence. For general distribution of the Canadian 

 forest type, see Map 3 in Zon's bulletin on balsam fir,* 



F. Artie Flora of Adirondack Peaks : 



Indicator Species — Devoid of arborescent forms. The fol- 

 lowing woody plants are indicative of this zone: 



Fir Club Moss ■. . . Lycopodium Selago L. 



Bearberr^' Willow Salix Uva-ursi Pursh. 



Glajidular Birch. Scrub Birch Betula glandulosa Michx. 



Black Crowberrj' Empetrum nigrum L. 



Lapland Rose-bay Rhododendron lapponicum (L.) Wah- 



lenb. 

 Moss Bush Cassiope hypnoides (L.) D. Don. 



Distribution op F in New York 

 On the summit of Mt. Marcy above 5,000 feet ; on Mt. Mclntyre 

 and to a less marked degree on Whiteface and others of the high 

 Adirondack peaks. 



General Distribution of F 

 On the higher peaks of New England where this arctic element 

 is more strongly represented ; in the arctic regions of America 



Jbtull. U. S. Dept. Agr. o5 : 1914. Forest Service Contribution. 



