non == 
3. Pure white salt around the lake Jugur Kul, Chiwa. 
Joly tom 13899. — 
NaCl 
with MgSO,, ab. 3,7 per ct. 
and MiG MEANS 
4. In the same place. Salt around and encrusting the 
base of Salicornia plants: — 
MgSO,, -ab. 21,50 per ct. 
NaCl, = 76,9 = 
Na,SO,, - le = 
5. Salt from a dried-up water-hole near Chodsheli, 
Chiwa. July 26" 1899. A salt-cake consisting of six strata 
of colourless crystals lying one above another, and corre- 
sponding somewhat to the mineral Astrakanit: — 
NaCl, ab. 0,50 per ct. 
MgSO, ab 
NA SOP 74150 — 
Water - 9313 — 
(including carbonate of Mg or Na). 
As will be seen, gypsum, glauber-salts, magnesium sul- 
phate, carbonate of lime and common salt are the most fre- 
quent salts. Their mode of occurence will be dealt with 
later, especially in the chapter on salt-deserts. 
CHAPTER 3 
General Aspects of the Climate of Transcaspia. 
The climate is continental, the winter is cold and the 
summer very hot. Kasalinsk has an annual range of almost 
90° Centig. (+ 48° C. summer-maximum, — 40° C. winter- 
minimum) (Schwarz p. 576). The precipitation is slight. 
The winter is not very long, as a rule there is frost, not of 
long duration, but hard. In 1886 Tashkent had 89 frosty 
