et 
known, a bulbous swelling at the base, and the resting buds 
on this are well protected both against drought and cold. I 
have always found the ears viviparous. Other grasses of 
importance are: Apera interrupta, Trisetum Gaudinianum, Fes- 
luca ciliata, Nardurus tenuifolius, Koeleria phleoides, Triticum 
Aegilops and orientale, Agropyrum squarrosum, Schismus mi- 
nutus, Bromus tectorum, oxyodon and Danthoniae, Hordeum 
Fig. 4. Semi-desert at Chawast N. E. of Samarkand. In the foreground 
half-withered leaf-rosettes of Ferula Asa foetida. Artemisia sp. dominant, 
with Poa bulbosa, Haplopyllum lasianthum, Carum turkestanicum, Eremo- 
stachys labiosa. Month of May. 
© 
crinitum and secalinum, Boissiera bromoides. All these grasses 
are annuals, rather low-growing, scarcely a foot high, and 
with flat leaves. 
The “flowering herbs” include a number of annuals. The 
poppies first attract the eye: Roemeria rhoeadiflora, Papaver 
arenarium and pavoninum. Then one sees a great number of 
Cruciferae (Malcolmia africana and Bungei, Alyssum margina- 
tum and linifolium, Sisymbrium-species, Goldbachia laevigata, 
Leptaleum filifolium, Cryptospora falcata, Euclidium syriacum, 
Chorispora tenella); also Boragineae (Anchusa hispida, Arnebia 
