A, de 
These last include Frankenia pulverulenta, Crozophora 
gracilis one of the low Euphorbiaceae with flat leaves densely 
coated with hairs, Carduus tenuiflorus, the fragrant Lachno- 
phyllum gossypinum a Composite semi-rosette plant, and a 
few other species. 
By far the greater majority of the annual summer 
plants belong to the Chenopodiaceae. They are almost all suc- 
culents and amongst them one can distinguish between various 
types. The first type is the Thorny Leaf-Succulents whose 
representatives (Salsola Kali, sogdiana, aperta, Androssowii) 
have spiny pointed leaves with water-storing tissue in the 
middle. The second type is the Thornless Leaf-Succu- 
lents (Salsola crassa, lanata, species of Halanthium, Halimoc- 
nemis macranthera, pilosa and villosa, Piptoptera turkestana, 
Suæda &c.); these have succulent, often hairy cylindrical 
thornless leaves which still retain their function as the most 
important organs of assimilation. The third type, which I 
propose to call Bracteole-Succulents, are characterised by 
a distinct water-translocation (BURGERSTEIN, MESCHAYEFF) i. e. 
the plants sacrifice certain of their own organs to support 
the others, and in this case the foliage-leaves are drained of 
water and wither, while the plants concentrate their vigour 
on the inflorescence. Each floret of this is surrounded by 
three spoon-shaped bracteoles, namely the subtending leaf 
and two prophylls. These three organs are very succulent 
with their outer layers developed as green tissue, and they, 
with some assistance from the green stems, take the place 
of foliage leaves in assimilation. At the same time they 
protect the florets which sit squeezed in between them (see 
fig. 8 and 78). 
The Bracteole-Succulents include Salsola incanescens, spissa 
and sclerantha, Halimocnemis Karelint. 
These species are good examples of the type, and later 
in the summer they show scarcely a single foliage-leaf. The 
whole plant is beset with small globular bodies (the florets 
and their bracteoles), so that they have a characteristic ap- 
pearance (fig. 8). Fleshy bracteoles around the flower are also 
frequent in the other types, but the appearance of the plants is 
