— 159 — 
percentages give the top line in table 3, so that this is the 
“biological spectrum” of the territory. It shows, that the 
Table 3. 
lampe Percentage of species under each growth-form 
of u Sen == CE 2 
AE IE ac | HH | Th 
Transcaspian Lowlands | 768 | 11 1 27 9 5 41 
Government of Yekate- 
ADS AW ie. 05e. | 1046 5 3 55 8 5 24 
Baer DE es. | 514 1 12 | 63 5 5 14 
Death Valley .......... (188994 2651097. | 18 2 5.21, 42 
oie | TV id Figs Ses gee ETT 521733 
Fapyan desert ......... | 194 # 22 21 | 20 i 1 42 
Cyrenaica ............. er AT N et 
Normal spectrum...... I, 400! ay 9 le (DF 3 1 13 
1) Inclusive of 3/0 stem-succulents. 
2) Inclusive of 1°/o stem-succulents and 3°/o epiphytes. 
Therophytes are the most abundant growth-form, then follow 
the Hemicryptophytes and the Fanerophytes. The other 
series of numbers (“spectra”) are inserted for comparison. 
The first two series are prepared from my own calculations: 
Yekaterinoslaw according to BEKETorF’s Flora, and Pamir 
from O. FEDTSCHENKO’S “Flore du Pamir” with supplements, 
and additions of my own. The others, namely Death Valley 
(in western North-America), Samos, the Libyan desert and 
Cyrenaica (Barka), and the “Normal Spectrum” I have quoted 
from RAUNKIÆR (1908 p. 55). The “Normal Spectrum” is the 
biological spectrum for 400 species taken at random from a 
list of the plants of the whole earth, it should accordingly 
be the spectrum of the whole earth. If we now compare it 
with the spectrum of Transcaspia it will be seen that the 
latter has proportionately a much larger number of Thero- 
phytes and a much smaller number of Fanerophytes than 
the earth as a whole, the other deviations being less important. 
Transcaspia thus lies outside the region of Fanerophytes, 
the region with a fanerophytic climate i. e. a tropical climate 
with abundant precipitation. 
