— 162 — 
under the most favourable conditions. Thus conditions which 
bring about a scattered growth of perennial plants favour 
the annual ones (See for instance M. Vani 1904 p. 67). 
The summer-annuals, fairly numerous in the Transcaspian 
lowlands, are adapted in a different way and to different 
conditions. The plant lives through the summer, hence it 
must endure desiccation and is xerophytic in structure. They 
do not die till winter sets in. 
Table 4. 
| | Percentage of annuals 
ne _ 
Number | | flowering 
of nes | wholly or 
Annua)r | fle owered | partially 
| pees As after 1. July 
| | | 
Denmark st: cr te eA ATOM] 20 | 80 
Vekatermoslawi:: 2a... 240 | 45 | 55 
SANTO SE ta tee Ne PR ec Werl 62 38 
Spain (Halophytes) ......... | 122 | 65 35 
Transcaspian Lowlands..... | 310 Te ae | 
The last line in Table 4 gives the percentages of early 
and late flowering annual plants in the Transcapian lowlands. 
As some ephemeral plants may be seen in flower at the 
beginning of June, I have fixed the limit at July 1. Plants 
which may be found flowering on the first of July and later 
are thus considered late-flowering, those which have completed 
flowering before the end of June are termed early flowering. 
When the flowering season of any species is unknown to 
me, it is generally given as early flowering. This table is 
intended to give some notion as to the proportion between 
ephemerals and summer-annuals. Even though these defini- 
tions do not perfectly differentiate between early and late 
flowering, yet they do so to a certain extent. An atteınpt 
was made to draw up a list of summer-annual plants, 
regardless of the flowering season. but owing to insufficient 
knowledge of the life-history of certain species, I shall not 
give it here. It is noteworthy however, that 74 per ct. of 
the (86) species flower after July 1. The division according to 
flowering season thus makes the number of late-flowering 
