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gical types” in the sense adopted by RAUNKIÆR, a method 
of arrangement which offers the best opportunities for comp- 
arison between morphological and biological characteristics, 
especially those of shoot-structure and branching in relation 
to the nature of the leaves. Amongst the various types I 
have given most attention to those contributing to the summer- 
aspect, i.e. the true Xerophytes, more especially the Fanero- 
phytes and Chamaephytes. This course was adopted because 
I had more material of these plants at my disposal, and 
partly because of the special interest attached to the structure 
of plants with persistent epigeal shoots. 
In what follows, the occurrence, foliage and ramification 
of each species are described, flowering and fructification 
being also referred to. Some of the descriptions are accompanied 
by photographs of herbarium specimens, or by sketches some 
of which are taken from material preserved in alcohol. So far 
as material permitted, the anatomy of the assimilating organs 
has been examined. Axial organs which are not assimilatory 
I have not examined, first because the material was too 
limited for such an investigation so that any comparative 
conclusions would be rather doubtful, secondly in order to 
limit the work, and finally because thorough descriptions of 
the anatomy of the axial organs of a number of species are 
given in B. Jönsson’s valuable memoir. 
A. Fanerophytes. 
The trees and shrubs have been included as far as 
possible. The descriptions begin with the “dry” plants and 
proceed towards the more succulent. 
Eremosparton aphyllum F. & M. 
A leafless shrub or small tree, generally about 1—2 
metres high, rarely exceeding 4 metres. It is at home in the 
sand-desert where it is one of the most characteristic plants. 
The roots are long and some are horizontal. According to 
PALEZKIJ, the roots are capable of producing aerial shoots 
and although this species might for this reason be cultivated 
