— 178 — 
fruit, probably they are burned by the heat of summer. 
The fruit is a crescent-shaped, one-seeded, woolly-haired pod 
about 1 centimetre in length and easily transported by the 
wind (see fig. 23). 
The anatomical structure of the assimilation-shoots and 
the year-shoots is very similar, but the former have no 
cambium; Fig. 26 shows the inner structure. There are 8 or 
9 grooves within which the palisade tissue lies in V-shaped 
tracts bounded towards the interior by a row of storage-cells. 
At the apex of each ridge there is a mass of collenchyma 
and deeper-seated is a band of sclerenchyma of which another 
band is found outside each vascular bundle. Stomata only 
occur in the grooves, they are slightly sunk and hidden by 
scale-hairs. 
 Calligonum Caput Medusae Schrenk. 
A shrub or small tree, 1 to about 3.5 metres high and 
leafless. Its home is the sand-desert and it is extensively 
utilised in the plantations along the railway; 90 p. cent. of 
the cuttings strike root, and year-old plants from the nurseries 
always transplant successfully. Comparatively speaking the 
plant is distinctly green, but in this respect it is far behind 
the Salsola species. 
The year-shoots are long (about 40 centimetres), thin 
and jointed. The leaves are scale-like and membranous, and 
form a sheath round the stem (Polygonaceae). All or most 
of the leaves subtend branches, the upper ones often flowers, 
the lower ones annual assimilation - shoots.  RINDOWSKkY 
(1875 1. c.) drew attention to the difference in Calligonum 
between ‘“rami assimilationis” and “rami lignosi”, see also 
B. Jonsson (l. c. p. 18). There is, however, no very hard 
and fast limit between the two sorts of branches. The 
outer part of the year-shoot dies away after the cessa- 
tion of the vegetative-period, generally together with the 
branches. New year-shoots arise singly or several together 
from the leaf-bases of the old shoots, sometimes on branches 
several years old (see figures 11 and 27). Where several are 
present together, some are generally more strongly developed 
cc 
