— 181 — 
produce annual assimilation-shoots several years in succession 
and by degrees a low cushion is formed from which others 
arise. Even nodes bearing year-old branching shoots, may 
again be seen to produce new shoots. 
Calligonum Caput Medusae flowers in June. The flowers 
are small and reddish, the fruits (figures 11 and 28) are very 
characteristic (see above p. 88), they are easily transported by 
the wind and are found massed together in sheltered places 
in the desert. 
As regards anatomical structure we refer to fig. 29; there 
are sclerenchyma bands below the epidermis 14 in number, 
two palisade layers of which the outer one is very loose, an 
TT 7, 
Im Vij 
‘ oy ; 
Phil" 
Fig. 29. Calligonum Caput Medusae. 
A, Part of transverse section of a young branch: Phl., 
Phloem, X 71. B, Detail of A: epidermis, two palisade 
layers, starch sheath and outer cells of the water-storage 
tissue of the cortex. X 250. 
amyloid or starch sheath, and the inner bark formed of 
bands of sclerenchyma between which is aqueous tissue; 
this contains much tannin. Other bundles of mechanical 
tissue occur between the vascular bundles and between them 
and the pith. The pith is a large-celled, water-storage tissue 
containing tannic acid. The stomata are sunk. VOLKENS, 
who (p. 142) described the anatomy of Calligonum comosum 
found under the epidermis a layer of loose, thin-walled cells, 
but only one palisade layer. B. Jonsson, who examined 
an undetermined species from Turkestan, found on the con- 
