ONG 
broad, large leaves, bright green in colour and with two 
spinous stipules at the base. According to VOLKENS (p. 97), 
the leaves during summer acquire a coating of wax so that 
they lose the bright green colour. I have not observed 
this, but it may also take place in Transcaspia since my 
opportunities for observing Capparis spinosa in summer were 
few. The year-shoots are branched’ The lower part only 
is persistent and lignified, and it gradually increases in thick- 
ness. The beautiful large white flowers are placed singly in 
the leaf-axils; flowering begins in May and continues well 
into July, perhaps longer. The fruit is a stout berry. 
The anatomy of the leaf has been illustrated by VOLKENS 
(tab. IX, figures 1—2), and my Transcaspian material shows 
the same structure. Some of the epidermal cells, however, 
have a thickened inner wall (mucilage?) and I have not 
observed that the palisade cells are arranged in groups round 
the large thick-walled tracheids (“Speichertracheiden”’). The 
leaf is isolateral, with mesophyll consisting almost exclusively 
of palisade cells. The stomata are slightly sunk. 
Hulthemia (Rosa) berberifolia Dum. 
This species is likewise a clay soil plant with decumbent 
shoots and broad leaves. The latter are dentate, hairy, 
elliptical or spathulate, about 1 centimetre or rather more 
in length, and closely set because the internodes are shorter 
than the leaves, sometimes so short as to produce rosettes 
on short-shoots. The stem bears many strong curved white 
prickles as well as others which are thin and subulate. I 
have only seen the plant in May when it carries large, 
handsome, yellow flowers. The distal parts of the year- 
shoots may die away, but whether this occurs always I 
cannot say. No material was available for anatomical in- 
vestigation. 
Haplophyllum obtusifolium Ldb. 
This is a typical undershrub which occurs especially 
on stationary sand. It is strongly branched but according 
