been frequently mentioned in the preceeding pages (e. g. pp. 
122, 128). 
When buried by the sand axillary shoots encased in a 
thick corky coating (see below) grow upwards through the 
sand to the surface (comp. fig. 22 which shows a somewhat 
similar case in Heliotropium). Specimens of Alhagi were 
found where this had taken place twice: The first restoration 
shoot had after burial formed a new shoot. On the other 
hand rhizomes or roots laid bare by the sand being blown 
away from them may form new light-shoots. 
The red flowers of Alhagi appear in isolated groups 2—7 
together on the upper spines, they commence to expand in 
June. The fruit is an jointed crooked pod, (not a lomentum) 
with 5--8 joints and as many seeds; it is very light. 
The anatomy of Alhagi has been examined among others 
by B. Jönsson who gives a number of somewhat diagram- 
matic figures. 
The structure of the leaf in my Transcaspian specimens 
agrees with his description and figures. The hypoderm contain- 
ing tannic acid on the lower surface, (see fig. 50, A) may, 
however, be wanting. When present it is seen in sections 
parallel to the surface to form a net-work below the epidermis. 
The stomata are slightly sunk, the epidermis is one-layered 
and there are 4—5 layers of short palisade cells on the 
upper and lower sides. 
As most of the leaves fall off early, the branches are 
well provided with assimilating tissue (fig. 50 B and C). The 
epidermis consists of two layers, and many of the cells of 
the inner layer contain tannic acid; the palisades are nearly 
similar to those of the leaf and are apparently best developed 
in the thorn-branches (fig. 50 B). 
Within the green tissue there lies a parenchyma with 
many large cells containing tannic acid. In older branches 
the leptome has bands of sclerenchyma on the outer side. 
The pith is large-celled, many of its cells containing tannin. 
The presence of tannin in fig. 50 is indicated by hatching. 
Reference should also be made to SCHUBE, B. JONSSON and 
VOLKENS; the latter (tab. III, fig. 10) gives a transverse section 
of an internode of Alhagi manniferum. 
