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(p. 121), thus occur on both surfaces, and the same is the 
case with the stomata (in contrast to the statement made by 
VOLKENS I. €. p. 109). On the other hand, the long hairs 
are only found on the lower side. The leaf otherwise is 
dorsiventral with two layers of palisade cells on the upper 
side and a rather loose spongy parenchyma. 
Crozophora gracilis F. & M. 
An herbaceous plant with outspread branches and long- 
stalked ovate-cordate leaves which are covered on both surfaces 
with a thick felt of stellate hairs. The plant occurs in places 
where the soil is not too dry, and it is still in flower in the 
month of July. The leaf is dorsiventral with one layer of 
long palisade cells on the upper surface, and one layer of 
short ones on the lower; there is no aqueous tissue. Crystal- 
cells are present in considerable number. The epidermis 
consists of one layer and has slightly sunk stomata on 
both leaf-surfaces. 
Euphorbia Turezaninowii Kar. Kir. 
(E. carnosa Pauls.). 
A thick-leaved, green, glabrous plant, attaining the 
height of about 10 centimetres. Like the previous species 
it occurs in more favourable localities. It is rarely found 
in flower in July although it frequently has fruits at that 
time of the year. The sessile, broad leaves are directed 
obliquely upwards, and are isolateral in structure. There is 
a thin epidermis with slightly sunk stomata on both surfaces. 
Euphorbia cheirolepis F. & M. 
An erect plant with rather long internodes; habitat the 
sand-desert. The leaves are about one centimetre long, 
petiolate, obovate, spinose-toothed; the upper surface is shining 
and cobweb-haired, the lower is almost woolly-haired. They 
are dorsiventral, yet with stomata (slightly sunk) both above 
and below. The epidermis is thin. The dorsal side has a layer 
16* 
