NEO ØER 
Pamir has, then, a decided hemicryptophytic spectrum 
with strongly recessive phanerophytes and somewhat pro- 
nounced chamaephytes. According to RAUNKIAER the latter 
are very characteristic for arctic and high alpine districts. 
In Puschlav, Switzerland, for instance, at an altitude above 
2,850 mètres the vegetation contains 35 °/o chamaephytes’). 
It would seem reasonable, then, to expect to find a larger 
percentage of chamaephytes in Pamir. However a large 
number of the Pamir species show a tendency toward cha- 
maephytic growth; they are cespitose and curve upwards 
more or less. The determinations were made here in Copen- 
hagen, — for when the expedition was in Pamir, RAUNKIAER'S 
system was not yet published — and even so they have 
shown a percentage of chamaephytes which is higher than 
the standard spectrum. Chamaephytes are very unevenly 
distributed among the various vegetation formations. This 
fact will be discussed later. 
Although several Russian botanists had been in Pamir 
prior to our visit, and although the Englishman, J. F. DuTHIE 
had published a list of the plants found in those regions, 
yet previous to our expedition to Asia knowledge of Pamir’s 
flora was but fragmentary. From that time on, however, 
knowledge of the flora of the country increased rapidly. In 
1901 M™ OLGA FEDTSCHENKO made a trip to Pamir and 
published in 1903 in Acta horti Petropolitani, ‘“Flore du Pa- 
mir” in which were included all the specimens from Pamir 
then known. Supplements appeared in 1904, 1905, 1907 and 
1909. Here we have a working synopsis of the plants of 
Pamir, even though the limits of the district could have 
been better fixed, and even though the interpretation of 
species and particularly nomenclature may be open to cri- 
ticism. The main article is illustrated by 8 plates, with 
characteristic pictures of the landscape, and a map. There is. 
too, a comparative table showing the distribution of the 
plants of Pamir in other localities. These other localities 
are 1.) Tianshan, 2.) Tshungai-Alatan, and Tarbagatai, 3.) Af- 
- 
ghanistan, Hindukush and Himalaya, 4.) Thibet, 5.) Chinese 
1) Counted after BROCKMANN-JEROSCH, 
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