we.) ee 
Turkestan and Mongolia, 6.) China, Japan, Korea, 7.) North- 
ern Asia, 8.) The remainder of Turkestan, 9.) Persia, Asia 
Minor, Caucasus, 10.) Europe and the Ural, 11.) Other 
countries. 
Later, in 1907, M FEDTSCHENKO published a key for 
the determination of the plants of Pamir, in Russian. That, 
as well as the other publications, with which I am familiar, 
are given in the literature list. 
The following description of the vegetation of High Pa- 
mir is based in part on notes made on the trip from Trans- 
alai to Jashil Kul, and in part on a more complete study of 
the vegetation near Jashil Kul, where the expedition went 
into camp from July 19—August 30 1898. Plant growth on 
a horizontal plain is taken as a starting-point for the descrip- 
tion of the vegetation, and we find that that type, the vege- 
tation of the Pamirs i. e. the flat horizontal valleys, is wide- 
spread and characteristic. We may call it the Trigonella 
formation. Next, the vegetation on the mountain slopes 
with various exposures is described, the Eurotia formation 
on dry slopes with a southern exposure, Arenaria-Meyeri 
formation on the northern slopes near the base of the 
mountains, Poa attenuata formations (“Alpine meadows’, 
of B. FEprscHENKo) higher up on the northern slopes watered 
by melting snow, and finally Talus formations on the 
mountain sides cowered with great loose rocks. Last of all 
the hygrophilous formations are mentioned: 
Swamp-meadow formation, hot-spring forma- 
tion, submerged formation, stony river-bed forma- 
tion, river-bank formation. 
Let me explain briefly what is meant by the term 
“formation” as used in this paper, — an expression applied 
nowadays to many and various phenomena. The formations 
to be described here are regarded as plant-communities, be- 
longing to certain growth-forms, — always the same within 
the same formation, — and these are determined by and 
adapted to common conditions. I used the same definition 
in my book on the Lowlands of Transcaspia. WARMING 
(1909, p. 140, 1918, p. 336) uses the word in the same sense. 
