re et 
the plain, many others are found mixed with the above or 
growing in single localities: 
Macrotomia euchromon (Royle) Pauls. This plant, when 
young, is a cespitose hemicryptophyte, but will here be con- 
sidered chamaephyte, because the vertical rhizome grows up 
over the surface of the ground like a cushion; it can attain 
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Fig. 20. Macrotomia euchromon (Royle) Pauls. Old specimen, which has 
formed a 30 cm high pillar covered by dead stems, on the top of which 
fresh shoots appear; they are now flowering. South-side of Jashil Kul. 
(Drawing after a sketch and measurements by the author). (Ab. ‘/6.) 
a height of 30 cm, and is closely covered with dead stems 
(see Fig. 20). This is a phenomen known to us from arctic 
regions where some species, (Lesquerella arctica, Potentilla 
pulchella) form in open places, the so-called “pillars”, covered 
with remains of dead leaves, and bearing a few green leaves 
on their top (pictured by OSTENFELD and LUNDAGER). In the 
case of Macrotomia both the pillar and the living portions 
attain greater dimensions than the arctic plants, which are 
