ag es 
pungens, a spinous, largely cespitose plant, or Christolea cras- 
sifolia more rare. 
These hardy species, particularly Eurotia and Stipa are 
also common on slopes with a western exposure, which, pre- 
sumably on account of the prevalent western winds, (see 
OLUFSEN, Met. Obs.), are almost as barren and dry as the 
slopes exposed to the north. The following is an example 
illustrating the difference between slopes with an eastern and 
a western exposure. In a cleft lying N.S. there is a green 
slope on the western side having an eastern exposure. Here 
we find Nepeta podostachya, Acantholimon alatavicum, Arte- 
misia (maritima aff.), A. pamirica and many large tufts of 
Arenaria Meyeri. The slope with a western exposure, how- 
ever, is bare with green patches formed by Eurotia, Trigonella 
Emodi and a few Cicer pungens. 
On slopes with a northern exposure many different 
species are to be found, and not always the same. Below 
are examples taken from different places in Pamir. 
1. Plentiful growth of Chrysanthemum pamiricum with 
Cousinia rava and large tufts of Macrotomia euchromon. 
2. A rather steep slope, green in patches, with Poa 
attenuata var. versicolor, in other places covered with many 
Eurotia ceratoides, which do not here shun advantageous 
localities. 
3. A slope with a north-eastern exposure, almost green. 
There were many large cushions of Acantholimon diapensioides 
and besides Artemisia herba alba, Poa attenuata var. versicolor, 
Solenanthus stylosus, Trigonella Emodi, and Paracaryum hima- 
layense (?). 
4. South of Jashil Kul. There is an astonishing change 
when, leaving the gray parched slopes of the north shore, 
poor in plant growth as they are, one crosses over to the 
southern shore. Here the slope is quite green, I might say 
grassy, extending down to the lake (A “Li” in Danish). The 
soil is the usual rather fine sand, often cracked or lumpy 
with many pebbles. On the surface were many large dis- 
integrating crumbling boulders. A large, much ramified 
dwarf-bush, Ephedra, (E. nebrodensis), is common, and ‘Are- 
naria Meyeri, which on the north side creeps into hollows, 
