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philum thrive. These depend both on moisture and warmth. 
They grow only in the immediate neighbourhood of water, their 
size and quantity diminishing the further they are removed 
from this element. Furthest away, where the brook flows 
into the lake and the temperature of the water was 20°, 
there were only a few small specimens to be found. Near 
the spring Veronica was 1 métre high and Epilobium 30—40 
cm. I have not seen these two species, which are both 
marsh perennials, anywhere else in Pamir. However Veronica 
oxycarpa is noted by M™ FEDTSCHENKO from other localities. 
Other plant species are Juncus lamprocarpus, growing in 
the water near the main spring, Geranium collinum var. can- 
didum, which was common beside the spring and all along 
the brook, and the following which grew in the hollow glen, 
but seemingly independent of the influence of the brook, 
Carum Carvi, Agrostis alba, Ligusticum alpinum, Sisymbrium 
Sophia, and S. heteromallum, Potentilla bifurca. 
C. The Submerse Formation. 
I am best acquainted with this vegetation from the east- 
ern end of Jashil Kul, a large shallow bay, 1—2 métres deep, 
and from the equally shallow waters of Bulung Kul. These 
two places, which are very near each other, and connected 
by the outlet from Bulung Kul to Jashil Kul, have an identi- 
cal plant-growth. In both places there is a rich, quite home- 
like vegetation, composed of Potamogeton perfoliatus, and 
Friesti (?) very luxuriant in their growth, and having long 
upper leaf-bearing stems floating on the surface of the water, 
combined with Myriophyllum spicatum. Farthest in the bay, 
this latter species dominated, almost filling the water. Scat- 
tered here and there were dense groups of Potamogeton crispus 
and dark green masses of Ceratophyllum demersum.  Batra- 
chium paucistamineum f. Drouetii formed submerse cushions, 
Ranunculus natans, Potamogeton filiformis and Zanichellia pedi- 
cellata were also to be found. 
Potamogeton amblyophyllus has been seen both in stag- 
nant and running water in the Murghab River near Pamirski 
Post; and the Zostera-like Potamogeton pamiricus formed dense 
woods at the bottom of Kara Kul. 
