— 121 — 
Along this stretch the river has but few tributaries, only 
one of any great size, Garm Chasma Daria, coming from the 
east. 
The change from Wakhan to Goran was very great; — 
also from a botanical point of view. In the first place the 
altitude constantly diminishes, but, even more important, — 
there is a different exposure. The direction of the valley is 
now south-north, the western wind is shut off, the weather 
is almost calm, — and travelling along the right bank of the 
river, we have mountains with a western exposure. As far 
as we could tell the vegetation on these slopes was fare more 
abundant than in Wakhan, and comprised for the most part 
quite other species. 
The extremely scanty, dry vegetation of the mountain- 
slopes in Wakhan is replaced here in Goran, by a more 
vigorous growth of denser and greener plants. In some places 
there were small thickets of wonderfully luxuriant, almost 
sub-tropical vegetation. The most common species of plants 
in the drier parts of the mountain-slopes are, Artemisia herba 
alba, a close bushy green Ephedra (nebrodensis?), Cousinia 
Nemesskyana, a tall Echinops (xanthacanthum?), Lindelofia 
anchusoides, and Astragalus lasiosemius. The latter is a 
spinous dwarf-bush; the others are hemicryptophytes with 
no decided xerophilous character. Arenaria Meyeri, known 
from up in Pamir, was found high up in the mountains 
near Kuh-i-lal. In wetter localities the beautiful hemicrypto- 
phyte, Incarvillea Olgae, 2 mètres high, bearing ripe fruit, a 
Verbascum-species, the recumbent, broad-leafed Cissus aegiro- 
phylla, Impatiens parviflora, Geranium collinum, Mentha longi- 
folia, Arctium Lappa, large, 2—3 mètres tall, Umbelliferae, 
quite withered, and many bushes, were all common. These 
latter were mostly to be found in the river-valley or its neigh- 
bourhood or near brooks, and included: Colutea persica, Hali- 
modendron argenteum, Crataegus pinnatifida var. garanica, Co- 
toneaster multiflora, Lonicera Xylosteum, Hippophaés, Berberis 
sp., Rosa sp., and willows. In the northern part of Goran, 
near Anderab, the higher slopes of the mountains are dotted 
with dark patches, formed by small trees or bushes of Juni- 
