LICHENOLOGY OF ICELAND 209 
species of Salix, etc.); there occurred also a small amount of mosses 
(F °/o 20), and some lichens (F °/o 45). 
It was distinctly seen, that here all vegetation, both phanero- 
gamic and cryptogamic, was greatly retarded by the long-lasting 
snow-covering, and by the fact that the soil was very wet and cold 
during the growth-period. 
The following species occurred: — 
Stereocaulon spp. (poorly developed) (fruticose lichen; sterile). 
Peltigera rufescens 
= aphtosa ( 
= lepidophora ( 
Leptogium lacerum ( 
). 
ze . — NL 
). 
): 
(foliaceous lichen; sterile 
> 
> } 
Psoroma hypnorum (crustaceous lichen; fertile). 
In order to obtain a general view of the subject, some typical 
tables are given here in which the different kinds of heaths are 
presented in tabular form. They are resumés of the preceding text. 
Type la. 
(Dry heaths on level (not knolly) ground; rich in phanerogams; devoid of, 
or poor in, lichens). 
Ex.1. Heath near Häls parsonage (North Iceland). 
Dwarf birch . :..:..,. F °/o 100 
EMAPeMM..... Ao: F °/o 100 
SES ue do ande F °/o 100 
DGyaSeie sea er (a small amount) 
Arctostaphylos. (a small amount) 
Lichens LME F%o 0 
Ex. 2. Heath between Svinadalr and Ås (North Iceland). 
Dwart bireh .......:%: F °/o 100 
Gi ini F °/o 100 
Empeirum. .. 55. ..... joy as 
Vaccinium uliginosum . F °/o 80 
Saligelanata.........- F % 60 
Geranium silvaticum... F °/o 26 
Betula pubescens...... F °/o 20 
SAR ES DDR ru das, chases F °/o 20 
Eqisetum se Lee 020 
Gallumar TER ae ae Bp 7 
Lycopodium: „x... 2... FE %/o 7 
Mosses ne ANEDE SER F °/o 13 
Fichens ons MENACE RE F’h 0 
Ex.3. Heath near Einarstadir (North Iceland). 
Dwanf bireb........:. F °/o 95 
LE EE qe RIRES F °/o 90 
Glummllorze +. ............ F °/o 85 
Vaccinium uliginosum... F °/o 65 
The Botany of Iceland. Vol. II. 
Dryas kt TER een F 9/0 45 
Salistlanata ere F 9/0 30 
Calm ak SR LAS F °/o 10 
Hichens: Sun Been F °/o 20 
14 
