October 24, 19 12] 



NATURE 



Bush, C.M.G., lecturer in operative surgery in the 

 University. 



M.Sc. — Herbert Bolton, director of the Bristol 

 Museum and Art Gallery, and reader in palaeontology 

 in the University. 



D.Sc. {Engineering). — W. Wilson, secretary for 

 higher education to the County Palatine of Lancaster, 

 formerly professor of electrical engineering in the 

 Merchant Venturers' Technical College; H. S. Hele- 

 Shaw, professor of engineering in University College, 

 Bristol; J. Ryan, formerly professor of engineering in 

 University College, Bristol ; W. Ripper, dean of the 

 faculty of engineering in the University of Sheffield. 



M.D. — R. Shingleton Smith, emeritus professor of 

 medicine in the late University College, Bristol ; G. 

 -Munro Smith, formerly professor of physiology in 

 University College, Bristol. 



D.Sc. — Sydney Young, F.R.S., professor of chem- 

 istry in Trinity College, Dublin, formerly professor of 

 chemistry in University College, Bristol ; Silvanus P. 

 Thompson, F.R.S., principal of the City and Guilds 

 Technical College, Finsbury, formerly professor of 

 physics in University College, Bristol; W. J. Sollas, 

 F.R.S., professor of geology and palaeontology in the 

 University of Oxford, formerly professor of geology 

 in University College, Bristol ; Alderman Ernest H. 

 Cook, chairman of the Education Committee of the 

 City of Bristol; Sir Donald MacAlister, K.C.B., Vice- 

 Chancellor _of the University of Glasgow, president of 

 the General" Medical Council. 



D.Litt. — T. H. Warren, president of Magdalen Col- 

 lege in the University of Oxford, and professor of 

 poetry in the same University. 



LL.D. — D. S. Davies, medical officer of health for 

 the city, county and port of Bristol, lecturer on public 

 health in the University ; F. Richardson Cross, special 

 lecturer in ophthalmology in the University ; Sir Wil- 

 liam Henry White, K.C.B., F.R.S., formerly Director 

 of Naval Construction and Assistant Controller of the 

 Royal Na\'y; Prof. J. Michell Clarke, pro-Vice-Chan- 

 cellor of the University; Rev. T. Hamilton, Vice- 

 Chancellor of the University of Belfast ; Sir Henry R. 

 Reichel, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Wales ; 

 Sir Alfred W. W. Dale, Vice-Chancellor of the Univer- 

 sitv of Liverpool; Sir Alfred Hopkinson, Vice-Chan- 

 cellor of the Universitv of Manchester; the Right Hon. 

 Sir William Mather, P.C. ; the Right Hon. Sir Edward 

 Frv, P.C, G.C.B., F.R.S. ; the Right Hon. A. H. D. 

 .Acland, P.C, sometime vice-president of the Com- 

 mittee of Council on Education. 



The following degrees were conferred in 

 absentia, the recipients having been unavoidably 

 prevented from attending the ceremony : — 



I.L.D. — The Prime Minister; the Right Hon. 

 Arthur J. Balfour, P.C, F.R.S. 



D.Sc. — Morris W. Travers, formerly professor of 

 chemistry in University College, Bristol. 



M.D. — R. Fletcher, librarian of the Surgeon- 

 General's Library, Washington, editor of the "Index 

 Medicus." 



It was befitting that, in the presence of a" 

 chancellor who has, in more than one capacity, 

 shf)wn high skill in organisation, the proceedings 

 shoidd have been carried out with perfect pre- 

 cision from start to finish, thanks chiefly to the 

 vice-chancellor (Sir Isambard Owen) and the 

 registrar (Mr. James Rafter). 



In the evening. Lord Haldane delivered his 

 official address as Chancellor of the LTniversity 

 before a large audience, taking as his subiect 



xo. 2243, VOL. go] 



"The Civic University." We give a few extracts 

 from this address. 



There was a time when men of business, accustomed 

 to see closely to profit and loss, used to think that the 

 work of a university was worth effort and expenditure 

 only in so far as it produced aptitude for industrial and 

 commercial production. Traces of this view are still 

 apparent in the foundation deeds of some of the older 

 university colleges of our municipalities. But this 

 idea is now discredited, and the part played by science 

 and by general learning in the production alike of the 

 captain of industry and of the extension of invention 

 is far greater than was the case even a few years ago. 

 Applied science is in its best form only possible on a 

 wide foundation of general science. And the fruitful 

 scientific spirit is developed to-day on a basis of high 

 intellectual training, the training which only the atmo- 

 sphere of the fully-developed university can completely 

 provide. 



What is true of science in the narrower sense is also 

 true of learning generally. It is only by the possession 

 of a trained and developed mind that the fullest 

 capacity can, as a general rule, be obtained. There 

 are, of course, exceptional individuals with rare natural 

 gifts which make up for deficiencies. But such gifts 

 are indeed rare. We are coming more and more to 

 recognise that the best specialist can be produced only 

 after a long training in general learning. The grasp 

 of principles which makes detail easy can only come 

 when innate capacity has been evoked and moulded 

 by high training. Our engineers, our lawyers, our 

 doctors, our administrators, our inventors, cannot 

 without it keep in front in the race. The competition 

 is not merely with their fellow-countrymen ; it is with 

 the trained minds of other countries. These other 

 countries are some of them advancing at least as 

 rapidly as we are. An enlightened policy in education 

 is the order of the day over most of the civilised world, 

 and if we are to hold our own, even in the making 

 of money, we are not to fall behind or lag in the 

 endeavour to increase our efforts. We have more than 

 ever before to see to it that we keep at least abreast 

 in science, and science means far more now than 

 technical training or the mere application of special 

 knowledge to industry. It rests on a foundation of 

 general culture which is vital to the maintenance of 

 its standards, and it can develop only if the population 

 has the fullest chance of an intellectual and moral 

 training which goes deeper than mere science strictly 

 so-called. It is the power of the highly trained mind 

 that is required, and the full development of this 

 trained mind can only be given by the highly organised 

 universities. 



A university to be a true university must be a place 

 where the spirit is more important than the letter. 

 The spirit of the university is the cooperation of 

 professor and student in a common endeavour to learn. 

 A university is a place where the most valuable advan- 

 tage the student has is contact with an inspiring per- 

 sonality. That is why nothing short of the best level 

 among the professors is enough for success. The 

 professor must inspire. His labour must be one of 

 love if he is to succeed. And if he is a great teacher 

 he will have moulded the lives and tastes of the best 

 of his students for the rest of their existence. 



In Germanv the technical colleges have been sharply 

 divided from the university and given a separate 

 existence. This is partly due to the division and 

 separation in character of the great secondary schools 

 in Germany. The resulting separation of the technical 

 college from the university has been deplored by some 

 of the most distinguished authorities on German edu- 

 cation, notablv by the late Prof. Paulsen. If this be 



