16 PROF. A. H. GARROD ON THE BRAIN 



Looked at generally, the brain of the Hippopotamus is evidently very different from 

 that of the genus Sus and its nearest allies. In the great breadth and complicatedness 

 of what, in my paper on the brain of the Sumatran Rhinoceros ^, 1 term " the middle 

 oblique convolution " (that between the lateral and suprasylvian fissures), it most 

 resembles the Camels and the Giraffe, from the form of which it strikingly differs in the 

 much less "pronation," as Dr. Kreug terms it 2, of the hemisphere. On the whole, it 

 stands very much by itself. 



The enormous stomach, with an axial length of 11 feet, is identical in all respects with 

 the beautifully mounted specimen of a new-born individual in the Museum of the 

 College of Surgeons, the latter, in its long cylindrical bottle, agreeing with that removed 

 from the abdomen of the adult by me, in position also, its axis being longitudinal, the 

 pylorus being situated almost in the pelvis. I could find no confirmation of the peculiar 

 positions of the different parts described by Mr. J. W. Clark in his specimen 3. Along 

 the greater curvature the stomach measures 15 feet. The upper (or vertebrad) com- 

 partment is 31 inches in axial length ; the second or lower, 44 inches, with a circum- 

 ference of 45 inches in its broadest part. The cylindrical third stomach is feet 

 2 inches in axial length, with an average circumference of 40 inches ; there are six 

 transverse folds of its mucous membrane. The oesophagus is 9^ inches in circum- 

 ference. 



The small intestine is 147-5 feel in length, and 5 inches in circumference. The 

 large intestine is 21'5 feet in length, and 9 inches round. No colic csecum is deve- 

 loped. 



The liver of the adult is quite different from that of the new-born animal. It 

 is extremely simple, elongate transversely, and narrow from above downwards. Its 

 extreme transverse length is .39-25 inches, whilst its average measurement from vertebral 

 to ventral margin is 16 inches, never exceeding 16*5 inches. There are no fissures, but 

 from the position of the very small umbilical notch it is evident that the left lobe is 

 much tlie more developed of the two. With this is associated the peculiarity of the 

 position of the gall-bladder, which, from the normally situated portal fissure runs 

 directly outwards to the right. The gall-bladder is 2 feet long, its globose fundus pro- 

 jecting free 5 inches beyond the right margin of the liver. There is no trace of a 

 Spigelian lobe, whilst the caudate is represented by a prismatic thickening, with a minute 

 free apex in the position of the lobe when more largely developed. The suspensory 



' Tran8. Zool. Soc. vol. x. p. 411. 



* By this " pronation " or " supination '" of the brain is meant the degree of, as it were, inward or outward 

 rotation of the surface which allow.") less or more of the surface between the corpus callosum and the supra- 

 sylvian fissure to appear superficially. 



> P. Z. S. 1872, p. 185. 



