FEMALE OEGANS OF THE PEOBOSCIDEA. 113 



Sphincter ani externus. — The extremity of the rectum is provided with an enormously 

 powerful external sphincter. The exact origin of this muscle I could not determine, as 

 the parts had been removed from the pelvis. From the appearance of the dissection, 

 however, the muscle appears to have been attached, as in most quadrupeds, to the lower 

 surface of the last sacral or first caudal vertebra. It measures 3 inches in breadth on 

 each side of the rectum, and, passing obliquely downward and forward, so as to encircle 

 the gut, is inserted by a pointed extremity into the strong aponeurosis which closes 

 the pelvic outlet, 3 inches below the anus. The insertion of the external sphincter cor- 

 responds exactly to the origin of the bulbo-cavernosus muscle in the male, as well as 

 to that of the homologous muscle (the constrictor vaginae) in the female. 



Ueinaby Oegans. 



Kidneys and Ureters. — The right kidney was alone examined. It agreed in all re- 

 spects, excepting the number of its lobes, with the description which I have formerly 

 given 1 of that organ in the male. It was distinctly lobulated on the sm-face, the lobes 

 being seven in number. The ureters are provided with very thick walls, the thickness 

 being chieily due to an enormous development of the connective-tissue coat. They 

 pass backward and come into contact with the wall of the bladder 3 inches behind the 

 neck of that viscus. After passing (as in the male) very obliquely through the vesical 

 wall, they open into the bladder 1^ inch behind the neck of the organ. Their apertures 

 are valvular in character, and 1 inch apart. 



Bladder and Urethra. — The bladder lies in contact with the lower surface of the 

 vagina. It is of small size for so large an animal, measuring, when distended, only 

 6 inches from base to apex. It ought, however, to be observed that the parts, 

 having been for some months immersed in spirit, may to some extent have suffered 

 contraction in size. The apex of the bladder is the broadest part of the organ ; and 

 therefore the viscus does not present the well-marked pear-shape so common among the 

 Mammalia. The bladder merges insensibly into the urethra ; so that it is difficult, 

 from an external examination, to say where the one ends and the other begins. An 

 examination of the interior of the viscus, however, shows that the urethra, from the 

 most dependent part of the bladder to its opening into the urino-genital canal, measures 

 2 inches in length. As the urethra passes backward it rests against the lower wall of 

 the vagina. Its entrance into the urino-genital canal is separated from the ora vagina; 

 by a semiglobular projectiou of the mucous membrane, which will be more fully de- 

 scribed along with the canal just mentioned. Both urethra and bladder are provided 

 with a thick coat of muscular fibres of a reddish colour, arranged parallel to the long 

 axes of these viscera, and constituting, so far as the bladder is concerned, a powerful 

 detrusor urinee. The peritoneum, which is thick and leathery, covers the whole of the 



' Journal of Anat. and Phys. vol. vii. p. GO. 



