ANATOMY OF THE CALIPOKNIAN SEA-LION. 229 



The tongue is bifid at the apex. There are only three large, pitted, circumvallate 

 papillae, arranged in the usual reversed V ; the radix linguw behind these is covered 

 with many free papillae or processes. The stomach is much like that of Otaria jubata, 

 as depicted by Murie {I. c. pi. Ixxxi. fig. 65), but is less globular and more elongated. 

 Internally the mucous membrane is soft, and raised up into numerous well-defined 

 rounded rugae, which are very irregular in disposition, curving about in all directions. 

 In the pyloric part these folds quite disappear. When undistended, the greatest 

 transverse length of the stomach is 16-5 inches, and its depth, opposite the pylorus, 

 8'75 inches. Along the greater curvature it is 29 inches. The pyloric part, which is 

 bent back towards the cardiac part, is 4'5 inches long, measured from the angle it 

 makes with the rest of the organ. At the pylorus the stomach is about 2 inches across. 

 All these dimensions, except the extreme length, are a little smaller than Dr. Murie's 

 corresponding figures (Z. c. pp. 560, 561). 



The small intestine is quite without rugae of any kind, but is covered with very 

 minute villi. The large intestine has only a few slight longitudinal rugae, but is other- 

 wise smooth. The caecum is as in Otaria jubata, a short, simple, conical prominence, 

 projecting backwards for J inch. The length of the small intestines is lOG feet 

 11 inches; of the large, 6 feet 7 inches. In the Otaria jubata dissected by Murie the 

 total length of the intestines was only 65 feet 2 inches. 



The great size of the vena cava and hepatic vein causes the comparatively small 

 liver-lobes to be, as it were, developed round them. All the six lobes of the typical 

 mammalian liver can be clearly made out, they being much separated from each other 

 by the great development of all the chief fissures. Thus the umbilical fissure extends 

 for at least three fourths the depth of the liver; and the cystic fissure is nearly as well 

 developed, almost completely dividing the right central lobe into two. The lateral 

 lobes are not united by any hepatic tissue at all to the central lobes, but are simply 

 connected to them by means of the great vessels and connective tissue. The right 

 lateral, the two parts of the right central, and the left central lobe are all compa- 

 ratively long and narrow, the last particularly so ; the left lateral, on the other hand, 

 is of an irregularly square shape. The caudate and Spigelian lobes are small com- 

 pared with the others, and are very freely attached. Both are of irregular shape, the 

 caudate being somewhat forked externally ; they are nearly, though not quite, united 

 by a very thin bridge of hepatic tissue developed between them over the broad vena 

 cava. The round and suspensory ligaments are well developed. The gall-bladder is 

 elongated, and appears on the superior aspect of the liver. As compared with 

 Dr. Murie's figure {I. c. pi. Ixxxii. fig. 72) of the liver in Otaria jubata, that of the 

 present species differs chiefly in the more regular outlines of its lobes, and the much 

 smaller development of additional sulci on its inferior aspect, in these respects more 

 resembling the liver of ordinary Mammalia, and presenting less approximation to the 

 greatly complicated liver of the Seals. 



